By Jaeyeon Choe and Alan A Lew
The pandemic has led some people to take a greater interest in religion and spirituality. One of the many definitions of the “spirit” is that it is our inner, non-physical world, including our conscious and subconscious minds. Our spiritual self interprets sensory inputs from our outer world and creates our experience of reality.
We usually associate spirituality with practices such as worship, meditation and yoga. But for many, travelling can be highly spiritual, as it involves being immersed in an experience different from our normal existence. It is also a “liminal experience” – we are suspended in an unknown setting which opens us to new possibilities.
Spiritual tourism, including wellness tourism, was a rising global trend before the pandemic. The book and Hollywood film “Eat Pray Love”, for example, drew tourists to India and Bali in Indonesia, seeking spiritual solutions to the challenges of modern life.
As the pandemic eases and the world gradually returns to international travel, we expect places known for their spiritual energy and significance will become popular destinations. Spiritual tourism is as much about inner, self-reflexive experiences as outer destination experiences.
Here are five places you can visit with great spiritual significance.
The Old City of Jerusalem, Israel
The Old City of Jerusalem is often listed among the top spiritual places in the world. It contains some of the holiest sites for the Abrahamic religions, including the Western Wall for Judaism, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christianity, and the Dome of the Rock for Islam.
But even if you’re not a follower of these religions, the sounds, smells, narrow cobblestone footpaths, ancient architecture, and multicultural people, shops and foods open your mind. Some even succumb to Jerusalem syndrome, perhaps remembering a spiritual connection to the city from a past life.
But while we can go to the most religious places in the world, they will not be spiritual until we turn inward. For tourists, there are several non-intrusive ways to turn inwards while maintaining respect for the destination. These include setting aside time for contemplation, maintaining a sense of mindfulness and openness to new experiences, and silent walking and other forms of quiet meditation and prayer.
The Ghats of Varanasi, India
Varanasi is the oldest and holiest city in India. It was more than 1 400 years old when the Buddha gave his first sermon near there in around 400BC. The city has more than 3 000 Hindu and 1 300 Muslim holy sites, along with Buddhist, Jain, Sikh and Christian spiritual places.
But Varanasi is most famous for the “ghats” along the Ganges River. Ghats are the more than 80 sets of steps leading into the river from Hindu temples, shrines and palaces. Bathing ghats are where devotees cleanse themselves of karma to be free of the cycle of incarnations. There are also cremation ghats. Spirituality permeates the narrow streets of temples, bazaars and artisans.
Luang Prabang, Laos
Luang Prabang is the peaceful, laid-back, former capital of the historic kingdom of the same name. With 33 Buddhist temples and shrines, it embodies the Buddha’s teaching that our true essence is the silence within.
The city is quiet, relaxing and surrounded by the Mekong River with mountains and waterfalls nearby. Spirituality is everywhere, from exploring and contemplating temples and appreciating the daily rituals of monks and nuns, to taking long walks along the river and in the surrounding hills, and interacting with the people and culture.
The Hopi Mesas, Arizona, USA
The Hopi Native Americans are among the most traditional cultures in the US, with Old Oraibi village being the country’s oldest continuously occupied settlement. They are “settled agriculturalists”, living in villages atop mesas (flat-topped hills) and farming the lands below. Their religion is secret but they announce traditional social and spiritual dances to the public about a week before they are held.
Visitors are always welcome to watch the dances or wander the villages to see and buy from artisans. Photography or sketching are not allowed for spiritual reasons. The Hopi believe their religion maintains the spiritual stability of the entire planet. You get a sense of this as you step back into an infinite time of quiet solitude and meditate on the open vistas of the Hopi Mesas. Many are so taken that they become “wannabe Hopis”, though outsiders are discouraged as permanent residents.
The Camino de Santiago, Spain
The Camino de Santiago is an ancient pilgrimage route to the cathedral in Santiago, to worship the remains of St James, who brought Christianity to Spain. The journey can be long (several weeks) or short (several days) and can start in Spain, Portugal, or France. The most popular path is 780km, starting from Saint Jean Pied de Port, France, to Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Although a religious tradition within Spain, the pilgrimage route attracts many spiritual tourists from elsewhere. As with most pilgrimage treks, the journey is more important than the destination.
For some it is meditative, bringing psychological well-being. For others, it offers space to reflect on personal challenges (such as a relationship breakup or job loss). You can enjoy walking alone, but there is also a strong sense of community among like-minded pilgrims from across the world sharing hostel accommodations and meals.
Jaeyeon Choe
Researcher in Sustainable Tourism Development, Swansea University
Alan A Lew
Professor Emeritus, Department of Geography, Planning, and Recreation, Northern Arizona University
This article was first published on The Conversation