Hair thinning and hair loss affect people from all walks of life, irrespective of gender, age or cultural background. For many South Africans, this issue is not just about aesthetics but also about self-confidence and identity.
From genetics to lifestyle factors, hair loss is a multifaceted issue that requires a deeper understanding, especially given the unique health and environmental challenges faced in South Africa.
According to biomedical scientist and skincare expert Dr Judey Prestorius: “Hair loss is a multifaceted issue that impacts many individuals and understanding its causes is the first step towards finding effective solutions.”
Below, we explore the common causes of hair thinning and hair loss, with insights to help South Africans make informed lifestyle and treatment choices.
Common causes of hair loss
1. Genetics
For many South Africans, hair loss runs in the family. Genetics is one of the primary causes of hair thinning, especially in men.
Male pattern baldness (Androgenetic Alopecia): this condition is hereditary and often begins with a receding hairline or thinning crown. It's estimated that about 50% of men experience some degree of male pattern baldness by the age of 50.
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL): women aren’t immune to hereditary hair loss. While less severe than in men, FPHL often causes overall thinning or a widened parting. Genetic hair loss is permanent but treatment options like hair transplants, medications or specialised products can help slow the process.
2. Hormonal changes
Hormonal imbalances affect hair health significantly. South African women, in particular, often experience hair loss due to hormonal shifts.
Pregnancy and postpartum: many women notice increased hair shedding after childbirth due to hormonal fluctuations.
Menopause: as women age, decreasing estrogen levels can lead to thinner hair.
Androgens: in both men and women, excess androgens (male hormones) can shrink hair follicles, leading to hair loss. Men and women experiencing hair loss due to hormonal changes should consult a healthcare provider for personalised solutions, such as hormone therapy or lifestyle adjustments.
3. Nutritional deficiencies
You are what you eat! Malnutrition and poor dietary habits are widespread in South Africa, particularly in underserved communities.
Nutritional deficiencies in iron, zinc, biotin and vitamin D can lead to hair thinning.
Iron deficiency: iron is crucial for healthy hair growth; yet, iron-deficiency anaemia is common in South Africa, especially among women of childbearing age.
Vitamin D: with limited sun exposure during winter or in urban areas, many South Africans are deficient in vitamin D, which plays a role in hair follicle health.
Eating a balanced diet rich in leafy greens, lean proteins and healthy fats can promote hair health. If deficiencies are suspected, supplements may be necessary but should be taken under medical supervision.
4. Stress and hair health
In today’s fast-paced world, stress is a silent contributor to hair loss.
Telogen Effluvium: this condition causes temporary hair shedding after a stressful event, such as illness, surgery or emotional trauma.
Chronic stress: prolonged stress can exacerbate underlying conditions like autoimmune disorders or hormonal imbalances. For South Africans grappling with stress, incorporating relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation or regular exercise can help reduce its impact on hair health.
5. Cultural hair practices
For many South Africans, cultural and personal hair practices are a source of pride but it can also contribute to hair thinning.
Tight hairstyles: braids, weaves and ponytails, when done too tightly, can lead to traction alopecia hair loss caused by strain on the scalp.
Chemical treatments: Relaxers, dyes and heat styling can weaken hair over time. Opting for gentler hair care practices and giving your scalp time to recover between treatments can help maintain healthy hair.
7. Autoimmune disorders and health conditions
Autoimmune conditions like alopecia areata or thyroid disorders can cause hair loss. South Africans living with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or lupus, often experience thinning hair as a side effect of their condition.
Regular health check-ups are essential to diagnose and treat these underlying conditions, which can significantly improve hair health.
8. Age and the hair growth cycle
As we age, our hair changes. The rate of growth slows, and individual strands become thinner. This is a natural process but it is often more pronounced in men due to male pattern baldness.
While age-related hair loss is inevitable, maintaining a healthy scalp and addressing other contributing factors can help slow the process.
Solutions for hair loss
The good news is that hair thinning and hair loss can often be managed with the right approach. Here are some tips for South Africans:
Consult a specialist: dermatologists or trichologists can identify the root cause of your hair loss. Improve your diet: Incorporate nutrient-rich foods and stay hydrated.
Be gentle: avoid harsh chemicals, tight hairstyles or excessive heat styling.
Protect your scalp: use sunscreen and protective hairstyles to shield your scalp from environmental damage.